| During the last 20 years, in-depth reforms and
new policies in the water sector have been taking place in many emerging and developing countries, in Africa and worldwide, based on principles
of resource allocation and institutional development. Such reforms involve the decentralization of water management, integrated management at river
basin level, setting-up new agents and institutions at local levels, and the development of alternative environmental, social, economic and policy
frameworks and tools. Such changes often take place within the context of increasing resource scarcity, increasing competition between diverse users,
rapid urbanization processes, marginalization of rural and peri-urban areas, and pervasive poverty, food insecurity and inequality. New governance
over water resources and its allocation is currently being shaped. New organisations are being established, and new institutions are arising, determining
the rules of the game.
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